The Revolutionary: Samuel Adams

A pleasure to read and hard to put down... written so well that one can visualize the scenarios. One of the better biographies on an often forgotten and certainly unrecognized and under appreciated Founding Father

After viewing a television interview with the author, I was inclined to obtain this famous biography for further insight into Samuel Adams life, which I thought I was familiar. Unlike the image of a man on the famous beer company bottle, which is really Paul Revere, I obtained a good view of his image on the front cover and a photo of a painting midway into the book.Conversely, I was amazed viewing the back cover where there was a quote by the great American author, David McCullough as to Stacy Schiff’s superior writing style which after reading this work, I cannot agree. Initially, I found the prose, sentence structure, and word selection distracting from obtaining the full meaning of the story. Who uses words like obstreperous and abstemious? Although I felt her information interesting, this, unlike Martin Dugard, she does not place the reader in the times, the reader has to struggle to get there!Schiff provides a fascinating and interesting view into the United States pre-revolutionary life in Boston and the colonies. The reader is exposed to the volatile nature of the populous during this period coupled with the political quagmire of this period between the citizenry and the mother country that led to a new nation. The read acquires a critical view of the founding father’s personal lives which is not common knowledge.The reader will fully appreciate the impact of the British Stamp Act, the following Townsend Act, the Boston Massacre, Boston Tea party, Coercive Acts, Port Act, Lexington and Breed’s Hill which led up to the American Revolution. The author portrays British Governor of Massachusetts prior and during these events, Francis Bernard’s character, to be similar to present day authoritarian governance where the citizen is victimized by its own government.The book is sturdy and well edited. The work is well structured and organized into thirteen chapters, an extensive reference section, useful photographs, and helpful index. Due to the many characters in the text a glossary of persons would be very helpful for the consumer. This would assist in understanding the Massachusetts period government.

Excellent book. Well researched and well written.

Historian Stacy Schiff makes a compelling argument (well-researched with lots of footnotes -- that themselves are fascinating) that Adams was the driving force behind the American Revolution. With vivid prose, Schiff paints a portrait of a man devoted to moral righteousness and impervious to wealth and power, yet who ruthlessly used misinformation to whip up public sentiment against the British. Adams presaged techniques now commonplace to distort facts and push towards the revolution. Well-known incidents leading to the revolution are shown in new ways -- the Boston Tea Party and the Boston Massacre are both fascinating when Samuel Adams' influence is shown. Schiff offers insights into how Adams' conflicting traits and pivotal role in inflaming rebellion through his inflammatory rhetoric make for an absorbing narrative. Her lively accounts of mob violence and key revolutionary figures like John Hancock and Thomas Hutchinson further illuminate a historical figure that many people have heard of but whose actions have been hidden in the fog of history. The fact that I learned a lot and enjoyed the journey resulted in me giving this book five stars.

Samuel Adams deserves a more prominent place for his role in the achievement of American independence from Britain than most histories have recorded, argues author Stacy Schiff in this biography.Arguably, there are three reasons why Samuel Adams’ name doesn’t appear in the same Pantheon as his cousin John Adams or founding fathers George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Hancock, and Alexander Hamilton.First, Samuel Adams was a member of an “older generation.” The other “Founders of Our Country” were at least 13 and as much as 35 years younger than Samuel Adams. Only Benjamin Franklin was older.Second, Adams’ writings first came to attention in the 1760s. Early on, his argument was for equal representation in Parliament rather than independence. When such a call for equal treatment and “no taxation without representation” was ignored by London, he stirred up rancor that led to the Boston Tea Party. When that led to a British decision to close Boston Harbor, Adams had additional reason to provoke resentment. Through articles and pamphlets written under some 30 pseudonyms, he was not above exaggerating British slights and failures.Third, Adams’ influence was generated by his talent as a propagandist and as a leader in the Massachusetts House. Although he galvanized public opinion against British rule in the other colonies, he was less influential in the Continental Congress. He left few papers, perhaps because in the 1760s and early 1770s he faced the risk of arrest as one of the most outspoken critics of the British-appointed governor of Massachusetts and of British rule generally. Once the Revolution was won, he became an unwelcome curmudgeon, failing to provide a vision of what this new country might be.The most enlightening part of the book concerns Samuel Adams’ role in the early events that preceded the Declaration of Independence by as much as 30 years.The American colonies were land rich, short of labor (which the South solved through the evil of slavery), and capital poor. Sam Adams’ father was a successful businessman with a malt business (not a brewer but a supplier to brewers), and sent his son to Harvard where he graduated sixth in his class of 23. Astonishingly, class rank was established by social standing rather than academic excellence!Samuel Adams had an early reason to resent Parliament and its representatives in North America. In 1744 when he was 22, his father was nearly wiped out by The Land Bank Crisis. The rapidly growing economy was in great need of capital. To provide liquidity, The Massachusetts House voted to issue paper money backed by land ownership. Samuel Adams’ father, like many who were land rich and cash poor, pledged his land for cash, only to see the Royal Governor’s Council veto the program, and Parliament in London prohibit such an initiative going forward. Required to come up with British currency to cover the debt they had assumed through the Land Bank program, the Adams family was forced into financial straits from which they never fully recovered.As to labor, the opportunities abundant in America created problems of governance for the British. In order to make a new life, British sailors often jumped ship when docked in American ports. In 1747, Boston mobs prevented the impressment of Americans to fill vacancies on British ships.Parliament had a free hand to collect taxes in England and indeed the rate of taxation was higher at home than in the American colonies. The military and administrative cost of protecting the colonists were high and collecting taxes was difficult. Parliament felt it had every right to impose the Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765 and did so without consultation with its American colonies.By this time, as a member of the Massachusetts House and as a propagandist, Samuel Adams became the most prominent voice of protest against “taxation without representation.” Boston had six newspapers which were his preferred method of advancing argument. Adams drafted a Resolve of the Massachusetts House, a document intended to be a North American Magna Carta, spelling out the rights of Massachusetts and intended as a model for the other states. This was rejected by London, which never came to grips with the aspirations of colonists so far away.Adams realized that the yoke of British tyranny could be overthrown only if Massachusetts was joined by other American colonies. Through his writing he tried to influence opinion in Philadelphia, Virginia, and beyond.As the 1770s unfolded, Adams was not alone in mobilizing resistance to British rule. Paul Revere took considerable license in his engraving of the Boston Massacre. Thomas Paine rose to prominence. In addition to his writings, Schiff argues that Adams was often directing action behind the scenes, as in the case of the Boston Tea Party which he may have helped plot even though he was not present as the act was committed.By 1775, Adams and John Hancock were two of the most prominent voices for independence, and were acclaimed by crowds as they made their way to Philadelphia for the Continental Congress. It is remarkable that neither man was seized by the British and charged with treason. But according to Schiff, General Gage worried that, if arrested, these two men would be replaced by ten more.Once the Revolutionary War had been won, Samuel Adams found his influence diminishing. Other founding fathers assumed prominent positions in the new nation. He briefly succeeded John Hancock as governor of Massachusetts but never achieved a national role. Without a body of writing that was directly attributable to him given his many pseudonyms, and seemingly out of step with the concerns of the new nation, his influence in provoking rebellion was largely forgotten.It’s quite a tale, but I was frustrated with Schiff’s writing style. It wasn’t until I finished the book, feeling that it was a slog, that I looked at other reviews and found criticism of her writing to be shared. Many readers will be interested to learn about Samuel Adams but will have to draw upon personal resolve to finish the book.

A well written book. A bought the Hard Copy. Now a prized addition to my library.

An interesting glance into the life of a crucial - yet often forgotten - figure in the American Revolution.